
Thursday, 2 October 2014


Sourced by: Circuitsstream
Saturday, 11 January 2014
Note that the + & - regulators do not must be matched: you can for example, use a +5v & -9V pair. However,the positive regulator must be a 78xx regulator, & the negative a 79xx. They have built in plenty of safety in to this project so it ought to give plenty of years of continuous service.
This Dual Power Supply design makes use of a full wave bridge rectifier coupled with a centre-tapped transformer. A transformer with a power output rated at at least 7VA ought to be used. The 7VA rating means that the maximum current which can be delivered without overheating will be around 390mA for the 9V+9V tap; 290mA for the 12V+12V and 230mA for the 15V+15V. If the transformer is rated by output RMS-current then the worth ought to be divided by one.2 to get the current which can be supplied. For example, in this case a 1A RMS can deliver 1/(one.2) or 830mA.
The purpose of the filter capacitor is to smooth out the ripple in the rectified AC voltage. Theres dual amount of ripple is determined by the worth of the filer capacitor: the larger the worth the smaller the ripple.The two,200uF is an appropriate value for all the voltages generated using this project. The other consideration in choosing the correct capacitor is its voltage rating. The working voltage of the capacitor has to be greater than the peak output voltage of the rectifier. For an 18V supply the peak output voltage is one.4 x 18V, or 25V. So they have selected a 35V rated capacitor.


Tuesday, 24 December 2013

Saturday, 21 December 2013

Parts list
R1 = 220 Ohm 1/4W
R2 = 1,8 KOhm 1/4W
R3 = 330 Ohm 1/4W
P1 = 100 Ohm
C1,C2,C3 = 4.700uf/25V
C4 = 100pf ceramic
C6 = 100uf/25V electrolitic
D1..4 = 1N5400-4 or RAX GI 837U
F1 = 5A
IC1 = LM350K
For Data Sheet Contact with us here
Tuesday, 17 December 2013
Circuit Diagram of Photocell Power Supply (MAX630)

Wednesday, 2 October 2013
A portable USB hard drive is a great way to back up data but what if your USB ports are unable to supply enough "juice" to power the drive? A modified version of the Silicon Chip Usb Power Injector is the answer. For some time now, the author has used a portable USB hard drive to back up data at work. As with most such drives, it is powered directly from the USB port, so it doesn’t require an external plug pack supply.
Projects Picture:
In fact, the device is powered from two USB ports, since one port is incapable of supplying sufficient current. That’s done using a special USB cable that’s supplied with the drive. It has two connectors fitted to one end, forming what is basically a "Y" configuration (see photo). One connector is wired for both power and data while the other connector has just the power supply connections. In use, the two connectors are plugged into adjacent USB ports, so that power for the drive is simultaneously sourced from both ports.
USB Cable:
An external USB hard drive is usually powered by plugging two connectors at one end of a special USB cable into adjacent USB ports on the computer. This allows power to be sourced from both ports. According to the USB specification, USB ports are rated to supply up to 500mA at 5V DC, so two connected in parallel should be quite capable of powering a portable USB hard drive – at least in theory.
Complete Project:
Unfortunately, in my case, it didn’t quite work out that way. Although the USB drive worked fine with several work computers, it was a "no-go" on my home machine. Instead, when it was plugged into the front-panel USB ports, the drive repeatedly emitted a distinctive chirping sound as it unsuccessfully tried to spin up. During this process, Windows XP did recognise that a device had been plugged in but that’s as far as it went – it couldn’t identify the device and certainly didn’t recognize the drive. Plugging the drive into the rear-panel ports gave exactly the same result. The problem wasn’t just confined to this particular drive either. A newly-acquired Maxtor OneTouch4 Mini drive also failed to power up correctly on my home computer, despite working perfectly on several work computers.
Circuit diagram:
The revised USB Power Injector is essentially a switch and a 5V regulator. The Vbus supply from USB socket CON1 turns on transistor Q1 which then turns on power Mosfet Q2. This then feeds a 6V DC regulated supply from an external plug pack to regulator REG1 which in turn supplies 5V to USB socket CON2.
Source: Silicon Chip 26 June 2008
Monday, 30 September 2013
Flip-flops can easily be implemented using triacs if no DC voltage is available. Triacs are also so inexpensive that they are often used by model railway builders as semiconductor power switches. The decisive advantage of triacs is that they are bi-directional, which means they can be triggered during both the positive and the negative half-cycle by applying an AC voltage to the gate electrode (G). The polarity of the trigger voltage is thus irrelevant. Triggering with a DC current is also possible. Figure 1 shows the circuit diagram of such a power flop-flop. A permanent magnet is fitted to the model train, and when it travels from left to right, the magnet switches the flip-flop on and off via reed switches S1 and S2.
In order for this to work in both directions of travel, another pair of reed switches (S3 and S4) is connected in parallel with S1 and S2. Briefly closing S1 or S3 triggers the triac. The RC network C1/R2, which acts as a phase shifter, maintains the trigger current. The current through R2, C1 and the gate electrode (G) reaches its maximum value when the voltage across the load passes through zero. This causes the triac to be triggered anew for each half-cycle, even though no pulse is present at the gate. It remains triggered until S2 or S4 is closed, which causes it to return to the blocking state.The load can be incandescent lamps in the station area (platform lighting) or a
solenoid-operated device, such as a crossing gate. The LED connected across the output (with a rectifier diode) indicates the state of the flip-flop. The circuit shown here is designed for use in a model railway system, but there is no reason why it could not be used for other applications. The reed switches can also be replaced by normal push-button switches. For the commonly used TIC206D triac, which has a maximum current rating of 4 A, no heat sink is necessary in this application unless a load current exceeding 1 A must be supplied continuously or for an extended period of time. If the switch-on or switch-off pulse proves to be inadequate, the value of electrolytic capacitor C1 must be increased slightly.
Tuesday, 24 September 2013
Thursday, 15 August 2013
Part of this power amplifier driver using the LM4651 IC designed specifically for the purpose of the class AB amplifier driver with short circuit protection feature, containing under voltage, thermal shutdown protection and standby functions. Section 170 Watt power amplifier using LM4651 IC with a MOSFET power amplifier is equipped with temperature sensors that will be used by IC LM4651 as controlnya thermal signal. IC IC LM4651 and LM4652 are designed specifically to each other in pairs to create a class AB power amplifier with protection features are detailed. Detailed series of 170 Watt power amplifier can be seen in thethe following figure .

Power amplifier circuit requires supply voltages +22 V DC symmetrical 0-22V. Power Amplifier with IC LM4651 and LM4652 are often used in portable HiFi systems such as powered speakers, power subwoofer and car audio power Booter. D1, D2, D3 and D4 in series 170 watt power amplifier with LM4651 and LM4652 is a 22V zener diode.
Thursday, 8 August 2013
1964 Gmc Truck Electrical System Wiring Diagram Circuit Schematic.
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Saturday, 13 April 2013

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| Schematics Amplifier STK4050-STK4046 |
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| PCB Layout Amplifier |
And below is a list of STK ICs are used for a good quality amplifier.
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| Datasheet STK IC Amplifier |
Wednesday, 10 April 2013

All Diodes = 1N5402 for battery up to 20 AH, 1N4007, two in parallel for 10-20 AH battery, and 1N4007 for below 10 AH.
R1 = volt/charging current (Ohms)
Transformer Current/Charging current = 1/10 * batt AH
C1 = 100uF/25
Tuesday, 9 April 2013
Here we present a low-power voltage doubler circuit that can be readily used with devices that demand higher voltage than that of a standard battery but low operating current to work with. The circuit is quite simple as it uses only a few components. Yet, the output efficiency is 75 to 85 percent along its operating voltage range. The available battery voltage is almost doubled at the output of the circuit.
Here IC1 is wired as an astable multivibrator to generate rectangular pulses at around 10 kHz. This frequency and duty cycle of the pulses can be varied using preset VR1. The pulses are applied to switching transistors T1 and T2 for driving the output section, which is configured as a voltage-doubling circuit. The doubled voltage is available across capacitor C5. During each cycle of the pulse occurance, the high level drives T1 into its saturation, keeping transistor T2 cut off.
Circuit diagram:
Low-Power Voltage Doubler Circuit DiagramThis doubling action increases the total voltage across capacitor C5 to almost double the input voltage. If the output of the pulse generator is maintained with a high enough amplitude and frequency, the output voltage and current remain constant and cater to the needs of the load. Even with the half-wave function, this circuit is almost free of ripple voltage. If the connected load doesn’t require a high current, the efficiency can be expected in the upper 90 percentranges.
Since the input voltage is doubled, the current drain from the input power supply is also doubled at the input but halved at the output. One point of caution is that if the multivibrator’s frequency is fairly high, the output may suffer with the interference imposed over the DC voltage. In this case, the frequency must be set favorably by trials and actual load connection procedure. This tiny circuit can be assembled on the general-purpose PCB. If all of the components are surface-mount type, the whole module can be genuinely miniaturized.
Author :M.K. Chandra ,Mouleeswaran And A.N. Vadivudai Naayaki
Sunday, 7 April 2013

You can make the stable voltage by using the 3 terminal regulator like LM317. However, because the output electric current and the inputted electric current are the same approximately, the difference between the input electric power (The input voltage x The input electric current) and the output power (The output voltage x The output current) is consumed as the heat with the regulator. Because it is, the efficiency isn�t good.

Saturday, 6 April 2013

This circuit uses a WM34 electrets microphone, which comes in a standard 10-mm capsule from Panasonic and is common in low-cost equipment. You can use nearly any electrets capsule, because the well-regulated voltage on the microphone never exceeds 1.25V.
The principle work is every electrets capsule contains an integrated JFET based impedance converter that translates speech into a current flowing from the source to the drain terminal. This current through the microphone modulates the voltage on the variable resistor, RP. Because the output of the LM317 must follow the voltage on RP, you obtain a low-impedance audio signal riding on the output dc voltage. The microphone directly modulates the adjustment pin, so a smoothing capacitor, such as C1, for noise and hum does not influence the level of the audio signal. C1 shunts some of the audio signal to ground, but the LM317 compensates for the loss with internal gain. To avoid excessive losses in the LM317, use a capacitor with as low a value as possible. The circuit works well without a capacitor, but values as high as 47F do not present a problem. Using RP, you can adjust the dc output voltage and the gain for the microphone signal. For proper operation, the LM317 needs to deliver a minimum current of 4 mA from its output terminal. If your design uses no loudspeaker, you can connect a load resistor to sink this 4 mA. Designs using low-impedance loudspeakers must also have load resistors. You must add the ac current in the audio signal to the minimum current requirement of 4 mA. For an 8 loudspeaker, you need a minimum resistive load of 470_ to avoid distortion.




